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**82489DX       Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller    10/12/92
***Notes:...
***Info:...
***Versions:...
***Features:...
**82495DX/490DX DX CPU-Cache Chip Set                           <Sep91...
**82495XP/490XP Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for i860)       06/05/91...
**82496/491     Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for P5 Pentium) 03/22/93...
**82497/492   Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for P54 Pentium)    <Nov94...
**82498/493   Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for P54 Pentium)    <Nov94...
**
**Later chipsets (basic spec):
**440 series:...
**450NX  (?)            06/29/98:...
**?????  (Profusion)    c:99...
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**5595       Pentium PCI System I/O                          <12/24/97
***Notes:...
***Info:...
***Versions:...
***Features:
o   Integrated PCI-to-ISA Bridge
    − Translate s  PCI Bus Cycles into ISA Bus Cycles.   
    − Translate s ISA Master or DMA Cycles into PCI Bus Cycles.
    − Provide s a Dword Post Buffer for PCI to ISA Memory cycles.
    − Two 32 bit Prefetch/Post Buffers Enhance the DMA and ISA 
      Master Performance.
    − Fully Compliant to PCI 2.1.
o   Supports both Desktop and Mobile Advanced Power Management Logic
    − Meets ACPI 1.0 Requirements.
    − Supports Both ACPI and Legacy PMU.
    − Supports Suspend to RAM.
    − Supports Suspend to Hard Disk.
    − Optionally Tri−state ISA bus in low power state.
    − Supports Battery Management and LB/LLB/AC Indicator.
    − Supports CPU's SMM Mode Interface.
    − Supports CPU Stop Clock.
    − Supports Power Button of ACPI.
    − Supports three system timers and SMI# watchdog timer.
    − Supports Automatic Power Control.
    − Supports Modem Ring−in, RTC Alarm Wake up.
    − Supports Thermal Detection.
    − Supports GPIOs, and GPOs for External Devices Control.
    − Supports Programmable Chip Select.
    − Supports PCI Bus Power Management Interface Spec. 1.0
    − Supports Pentium II Sleep State.
o   Enhanced DMA Functions
    − 8-, 16- bit DMA Data Transfer.
    − Two 8237A Compatible DMA Controllers with Seven Independent
      Programmable Channels.
    − Provide the Readability of the two 8237 Associated Registers.
    − Support Distributed DMA.
    − Support PC/PCI DMA.
    − Per DMA channel programmable in legacy, DDMA or PC/PCI DMA mode
      operation.
o   Integrated Two 8259A Interrupt Controllers
    − 14 Independently Programmable Channels for Level-  or Edge-
      triggered Interrupts.
    − Provide the Readability of the two 8259A Associated Registers.
    − Support Serial IRQ.
    − Support the Reroutability for the PCI Interrupts.
o   Three  Programmable 16-bit Counters compatible with 8254
    − System Timer Interrupt.
    − Generate Refresh Request.
    − Speaker Tone Output.
    − Provide the Readability of the 8254 Associated Registers.
o   Integrated Keyboard Controller
    − Hardwired Logic Provides Instant Response.
    − Supports PS/2 Mouse Interface.
    − Supports Keyboard Password Security or Hot Key Power On 
      Function.
    − Supports Hot Key "Sleep" Function.
    − Programmable Enable and Disable for Keyboard Controller and 
      PS/2 Mouse.
o   Integrated Real Time Clock(RTC) with 256B CMOS SRAM
    − Supports ACPI Day of Month Alarm/Month  Alarm.
    − Supports various Power Up events, such as Button Up, Alarm Up, 
      Ring Up, GPIO5/PME0# Up, GPIO10/ PME1# Up, Password Security Up, 
      and Hotkey Up.
    − Supports various Power Down Events, like Software Power-down, 
      Button Power-down, and ACPI S3 Power-down.
    − Supports Power Supply ’98.
    − Provides RTC year 2000 solution.
o   Integrated Frequency Ratio Control Logic for Pentium II CPU
o   Universal Serial Bus Host Controller
    − Open HCI Host Controller with Root Hub.
    − Two USB Ports.
    − Supports Legacy Devices.
    − Supports Over Current Detection.
o   Integrated Hardware Monitor Logic
    − Up to 5 Positive Voltage Monitoring Inputs.
    − Two Fan Speed Monitoring Inputs.
    − One Temperature Sensings.
    − Supports thermister- or diode- temperature sensing for Pentium 
      II CPU.
    − Threshold Comparison of all Monitored  Values.
o   Supports I2C Serial Bus/ SMBUS 
o   Supports 2MB Flash ROM Interface
o   208  pins PQFP Package
o   5V CMOS Technology

**950        LPC I/O                                         <07/16/99...
**Other:...
**PII/III/Pro...
**Athlon etc...
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*Unresearched:...
*VIA...
**VT8501       Apollo MVP4,Single-Chip 66-100MHz & AGP       <11/04/98
***Notes:...
***info:...
***Configurations:...
***Features:
o   General
    - 492 BGA Package (35mm x 35mm )
    - 2.5 Volt +/- 0.2V Core
    - Supports separately powered 3.3V tolerant interface to CPU and  
      Memory
    - Supports separately powered 5.0V tolerant interface to PCI bus 
      and Video interface
    - 2.5V, 0.25um, high speed / low power CMOS process
    - PC-98/99 compatible using VIA VT82C686A (352-pin BGA) south 
      bridge chip
    - 66 / 100 MHz Operation
        CPU      Internal DRAM /   PCI     Comments
                 AGP      VGC
        100 MHz  66 MHz   100 MHz  33 MHz  synchronous 
                                           (DRAM uses CPU clock)
        66  MHz  66 MHz   66  MHz  33 MHz  synchronous 
                                           (DRAM uses CPU clock)
        66  MHz  66 MHz   100 MHz  33 MHz  Up pseudo-synchronous 
                                           (DRAM uses MEM clock)
o   Socket 7 Host Interface
    - Supports all Socket-7 / Super-7 processors including 64-bit 
      Intel Pentium / Pentium with MMX , AMD 6K86 (K6 and K6-2), 
      Cyrix/IBM 6x86 / 6x86MX, IDT/Centaur C6, and Rise MP6 CPUs
    - 66 / 100 MHz CPU "Front Side Bus"
    - Supports 3.3V and sub-3.3V interface to CPU
    - Built-in de-skew PLL (Phase Lock Loop) circuitry for optimal 
      skew control within and between clocking regions
    - Cyrix/IBM 6x86 linear burst support
    - AMD K6 and K6-2 write allocation support
    - Supports CPU-to-DRAM write combining
    - System management interrupt, memory remap and stop clock 
      mechanisms
o   Advanced L2 Cache
    - Direct map write-back or write-through secondary cache
    - Pipelined burst synchronous SRAM (PBSRAM) cache support
    - Flexible cache size:  0K / 256K / 512K / 1M / 2MB
    - 32 byte line size to match the primary cache
    - Integrated 8-bit tag comparator
    - 3-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 back to back read timing for PBSRAM accesses 
      up to 100 MHz
    - Tag timing optimized (less than 4ns setup time) to allow 
      external tag SRAM implementation for most flexible cache
      organization
    - Sustained 3 cycle write access for PBSRAM access or CPU to 
      DRAM & PCI bus post write buffers up to 100 MHz
    - Supports CPU single read cycle L2 allocation
    - System and video BIOS cacheable and write-protect
    - Programmable cacheable region
o   Internal Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) Controller
    - AGP v2.0 compliant for 1x and 2x transfer modes
    - Pipelined split-transaction long-burst transfers up to 
      533 MB/sec
    - Eight level read request queue
    - Four level posted-write request queue
    - Thirty-two level (quadwords) read data FIFO (128 bytes)
    - Sixteen level (quadwords) write data FIFO (64 bytes)
    - Intelligent request reordering for maximum AGP bus utilization
    - Supports Flush/Fence commands
    - Graphics Address Relocation Table (GART)
    - One level TLB structure
    - Sixteen entry fully associative page table
    - LRU replacement scheme
    - Independent GART lookup control for host / AGP / PCI master 
      accesses
    - Windows 95 OSR-2 VXD and integrated Windows 98 / NT5 miniport 
      driver support
o   Concurrent PCI Bus Controller
    - PCI bus is synchronous / pseudo-synchronous to host CPU bus
    - 33 MHz operation on the primary PCI bus
    - Supports up to five PCI masters
    - Peer concurrency
    - Concurrent multiple PCI master transactions; i.e., allow PCI 
      masters from both PCI buses active at the same time
    - Zero wait state PCI master and slave burst transfer rate
    - PCI to system memory data streaming up to 132Mbyte/sec
    - PCI master snoop ahead and snoop filtering
    - Six levels (double-words) of CPU to PCI posted write buffers
    - Byte merging in the write buffers to reduce the number of PCI 
      cycles and to create further PCI bursting possibilities
    - Enhanced PCI command optimization (MRL, MRM, MWI, etc.)
    - Forty-eight levels (double-words) of post write buffers from 
      PCI masters to DRAM
    - Sixteen levels (double-words) of prefetch buffers from DRAM 
      for access by PCI masters
    - Supports L1/L2 write-back forward to PCI master read to 
      minimize PCI read latency
    - Supports L1/L2 write-back merged with PCI master post-write to 
      minimize DRAM utilization
    - Delay transaction from PCI master reading DRAM
    - Read caching for PCI master reading DRAM
    - Transaction timer for fair arbitration between PCI masters 
      (granularity of two PCI clocks)
    - Symmetric arbitration between Host/PCI bus for optimized 
      system performance
    - Complete steerable PCI interrupts
    - PCI-2.2 compliant, 32 bit 3.3V PCI interface with 5V tolerant 
      inputs
o   High-Performance DRAM Controller
    - 64-bit DRAM interface synchronous with host CPU (66//100 MHz) 
      or internal Memory Clock (100 MHz)
    - Concurrent CPU and AGP access
    - Supports both standard PC100 and "Virtual Channel" PC100 
      SDRAMs as well as FPG and EDO DRAMs
    - Different DRAM types (FPG, EDO, and SDRAM) may be used in 
      mixed combinations
    - Different DRAM timing for each bank
    - Dynamic Clock Enable (CKE) control for SDRAM power reduction
    - Mixed 1M / 2M / 4M / 8M / 16MxN DRAMs
    - 6 banks up to 768MB DRAMs
    - Flexible row and column addresses
    - 64-bit data width only
    - 3.3V DRAM interface
    - Programmable I/O drive capability for MA, command, and MD 
      signals
    - Optional bank-by-bank ECC (single-bit error correction and 
      multi-bit error detection) or EC (error checking only) for 
      DRAM integrity
    - Two-bank interleaving for 16Mbit SDRAM support
    - Two-bank and four bank interleaving for 64Mbit SDRAM support
    - Supports maximum 8-bank interleave (i.e., 8 pages open 
      simultaneously); banks are allocated based on LRU
    - Seamless DRAM command scheduling for maximum DRAM bus 
      utilization (e.g., precharge other banks while accessing the 
      current bank)
    - Four cache lines (16 quadwords) of CPU/cache to DRAM write 
      buffers
    - Four quadwords of CPU/cache to DRAM read prefetch buffers
    - Concurrent DRAM writeback
    - Read around write capability for non-stalled CPU read
    - Burst read and write operation
    - 5-2-2-2-2-2-2-2 back-to-back accesses for EDO DRAM
    - 6-1-1-1-2-1-1-1 back-to-back accesses for SDRAM
    - BIOS shadow at 16KB increment
    - Decoupled and burst DRAM refresh with staggered RAS timing
    - Programmable refresh rate and refresh on populated banks only
    - CAS before RAS or self refresh
o   Sophisticated Power Management Features
    - Independent clock stop controls for CPU / SDRAM, Internal AGP 
      and PCI bus
    - PCI and AGP bus clock run and clock generator control
    - Suspend power plane preserves memory data
    - Suspend-to-DRAM and Self-Refresh operation
    - Dynamic clock gating for internal functional blocks for power 
      reduction during normal operation
    - Low-leakage I/O pads
o   General Graphic Capabilities
    - 64-bit Single Cycle 2D/3D Graphics Engine
    - Supports 2 to 8 Mbytes of Frame Buffer located in System Memory
    - Real Time DVD MPEG-2 and AC-3 Playback
    - Video Processor
    - I2C Serial Interface
    - Integrated 24-bit 230MHz True Color DAC
    - Extended Screen Resolutions up to 1600x1200
    - Extended Text Modes 80 or 132 columns by 25/30/43/60 rows
    - DirectX 6 and OpenGL ICD API
o   High Performance rCADE3D Accelerator
    - 32 entry command queue, 32 entry data queue
    - 4Kbyte texture cache with over 90% hit rates
    - Pipelined Setup/Texturing/Rendering Engines
    - DirectDraw acceleration
    - Multiple buffering and page flipping
    o Setup Engine
    - 32-bit IEEE floating point input data
    - Slope and vertex calculations
    - Back facing triangle culling
    - 1/16 sub-pixel positioning

    o Rendering Engine
    - High performance single pass execution
    - Diffused and specula lighting
    - Gouraud and flat shading
    - Anti-aliasing including edge, scene, and super-sampling
    - OpenGL compliant blending for fog and depth-cueing
    - 16-bit Z-buffer
    - 8/16/32 bit per pixel color formats

    o Texturing Engine
    - D3D compressed texture formats DXT1 and DXT2
    - Anisotropic texture filtering
    - 1/2/4/8-bits per pixel compact palletized textures
    - 16/32-bits per pixel quality non-palletized textures
    - Pallet formats in ARGB 565, 1555, or 444
    - Tri-linear, bi-linear, and point-sampled filtering
    - Mip-mapping with multiple Level-Of-Detail (LOD) calculations 
      and perspective correction
    - Color keying for translucency

    o 2D GUI Engine
    - 8/15/16/24/32-bits per pixel color formats
    - 256 Raster Operations (ROPs)
    - Accelerated drawing:  BitBLTs, lines, polygons, fills, 
      patterns, clipping, bit masking
    - Panning, scrolling, clipping, color expansion, sprites
    - 32x32 and 64x64 Hardware Cursor
    - DOS graphics and text modes
o   DVD
    - Hardware-Assisted MPEG-2 Architecture for DVD with AC-3
    - Simultaneous motion compensation and front-end processing 
      (parsing, decryption and decode)
    - Supports full DVD 1.0, VCD 2.0 and CD-Karaoke
    - Microsoft DirectShow 2.x native support, backward compatible to 
      MCI
    - No additional frame buffer requirements
    - Dynamic frame and field de-interlace filtering for high quality 
      playback on VGA monitors (Bob and Weave)
    - Tamper-proof software CSS implementation
    - Freeze, Fast-Forward, Slow Motion, Reverse
    - Pan-and-Scan support for 16:9 sequence
o   Video Processor
    - On-chip Color Space Converter (CSC)
    - Anti-tearing via two frame buffer based capture surfaces
    - Minifier for video stream compression and filtering
    - Horizontal/vertical interpolation with edge recovery
    - Dual frame buffer apertures for independent memory access for 
      graphics and video
    - YUV 4:2:2/4:1:1/4:2:0 and RGB formats
    - Capture / ZV Port to MPEG and video decoder
    - Vertical Blank Interval for Intercast
    - Overlay differing video and graphic color depths
    - Display two simultaneous video streams from both internal AGP 
      and Capture / ZV Port
    - Two scalers and Color Space Converters (CSC) for independent 
      windows
o   Digital Flat Panel (DFP) Interface
    - 85MHz DFP interface supports 1024x768 panels
    - Allows external TMDS transmitter for advanced panel interfaces
o   Testability
    - Build-in NAND-tree pin scan test capability

**VT82C680     Apollo P6, Pentium-Pro Chip Set               <08/30/96...
**Support chips:
**VT82C505     Pentium/486 VL to PCI Bridge                  <05/30/94...
**VT82C586/A/B PCI Integrated Peripheral Controller          <10/13/96...
**VT82C596/A   Mobile PCI Integrated Peripheral Controller   <11/05/97...
**VT82C686A/B  PCI Super-I/O Integrated Peripheral Ctrl.     <02/10/98...
**Later P-Pro/II/III/Celeron...
**Later AMD...
**Other...
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*ZyMOS...
*General Sources:...

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