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*Intel...
**82495DX/490DX DX CPU-Cache Chip Set <Sep91
***Notes:...
***Info:
The 50 MHz Intel486 DX CPU-Cache Chip Set provides a high performance
solution for servers and high-end desktop systems. This binary
compatible solution has been optimized to provide 50 MHz, zero wait
state performance. The CPU-Cache chip set combines the 50 MHz Intel486
Microprocessor with the 82495DX/82490DX cache subsystem. It delivers
integer performance of 41 V1.1 Dhrystone MlPs and a SPEC integer
rating of 27.9. The cache subsystem features the 82495DX Cache
Controller and the 82490DX Dual Ported Data RAM. Dual ported buffers
and registers of the 82490DX allow the 82495DX Cache Controller to
concurrently handle CPU bus, memory bus, and internal cache operations
for maximum performance.
The CPU-Cache Chip Set offers many features that are ideal for multi-
processor based systems. The Write-Back feature provides efficient
memory bus utilization by reducing bus traffic through eliminating
unnecessary writes to main memory. The CPU-Cache chip set also
supports MESI protocol and monitors the memory bus to guarantee cache
coherency.
The 50 MHz Intel486 DX CPU and 82495DX/82490DX Cache subsystem are
produced on Intel's latest CHMOS V process which features submicron
technology and triple layer metal.
3.0 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW
3.1 Introduction
The Intel486 CPU-cache chip set provides a tightly coupled processing
engine based on the Intel486 microprocessor and a cache subsystem
comprised of the 82495DX cache controller and multiple 82490DX cache
components. Figure 3.1 [see datasheet] diagrams the basic config-
uration.
The cache subsystem provides a gateway between the CPU and the memory
bus. All CPU accesses that can be serviced locally are transparent to
the memory bus and serve to avoid bus traffic. As a result, the cache
chip set reduces memory bus bandwidth to both increase Intel486
processor performance and support efficient multiprocessor systems.
The cache subsystem also decouples the CPU from the memory bus to
provide zero-wait-state operation at high clock frequencies while
allowing relatively slow and inexpensive memories.
The CPU-cache chip set prevents latency and bandwidth bottlenecks
across a variety of uniprocessor and multiprocessor designs. The
processor’s on-chip cache supports a very wide CPU data bus and
high-speed data movement. The second-level cache greatly extends the
capabilities of the on-chip cache resources, enabling a larger portion
of memory cycles to be satisfied independently of the memory bus.
3.2 CPU-Cache Chip Set Description
The chip set is comprised of three functional blocks:
3.2.1 CPU
The chip set includes a special version of the Intel486DX micropro-
cessor at 50 MHz. The Intel486DX Microprocessor Data Sheet provides
complete component specifications.
3.2.2 CACHE CONTROLLER
The 82495DX cache controller is the main control element for the chip
set. providing tags and line states. and determining cache hits and
misses. The 82495DX executes all CPU bus requests and coordinates all
main memory accesses with the memory bus controller (MBC).
The 82495DX controls the data paths of the 82490DX cache components
for cache hits and misses and furnishes the CPU with needed data. The
controller dynamically adds wait states as needed using the most
recently used (MRU) prediction algorithm.
The 82495DX also performs memory bus snoop operations in shared memory
systems and drives the cycle address and other attributes during
memory bus accesses. Figure 3.2 [see datasheet] diagrams the 82495DX.
3.2.3 CACHE SRAM
Multiple 82490DX cache components provide the cache SRAM and data
path. Each component includes the latches, muxes and logic needed to
work in lock step with the 82495DX to efficiently serve both hit and
miss accesses. The 82490DX components take full advantage of VLSI
silicon flexibility to exceed the capabilities of discrete
implementations. The 82490DX components support zero-wait-state hit
accesses and concurrent CPU and memory bus accesses, and they
replicate MRU bits for autonomous way prediction. During memory bus
cycles. the 82490DX components act as a gateway between CPU and memory
buses. Figure 3.3 [see datasheet] diagrams an 82490DX cache component.
3.3 Secondary Cache Features
The 82495DX cache controller and 82490DX cache components provide a
unified, software transparent secondary data and instruction cache.
The cache enables a highspeed processor core that provides efficient
performance even when paired with a significantly slower memory bus.
The secondary cache interprets CPU bus cycles and can service most
memory read and write cycles without accessing main memory. I/O and
other special cycles are passed directly to the memory bus. The cache
has a dual-port structure that permits concurrent CPU and memory bus
operation.
The 82495DX cache controller contains the 8K tag entries and logic
needed to support a cache as large as 256K. Combinations of between 4
and 9 82490DX cache SRAMs are used to create caches ranging from 128K
to 256K, with or without data parity.
The MBC provides logic needed to interface the CPU, 82495DX and
82490DX to the memory bus. Because the MBC also affects system
performance. its design can be the basis of product differentiation.
***Configurations:...
***Features:...
**82495XP/490XP Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for i860) 06/05/91...
**82496/491 Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for P5 Pentium) 03/22/93...
**82497/492 Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for P54 Pentium) <Nov94...
**82498/493 Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for P54 Pentium) <Nov94...
**
**Later chipsets (basic spec):
**440 series:...
**450NX (?) 06/29/98:...
**????? (Profusion) c:99...
**800 series...
*Headland/G2...
*HMC (Hulon Microelectronics)...
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*PC CHIPS/Amptron/Atrend/ECS/Elpina/etc...
*SIS...
**5596/5513 (Genesis) Pentium PCI Chipset <03/26/96
***Info:...
***Configurations:...
***Features:...
**5597/5598 (Jedi) Pentium PCI/ISA Chipset <04/15/97...
**530/5595 (Sinbad) Host, PCI, 3D Graphics & Mem. Ctrl.<11/10/98...
**540 (Spartan) Super7 2D/3D Ultra-AGP Single C.S.<11/30/99...
**55x SoC (System-on-chip) <03/14/02...
**
**Support chips:
**85C206 Integrated Peripheral Controller [no datasheet] ?...
**5595 Pentium PCI System I/O <12/24/97...
**950 LPC I/O <07/16/99...
**Other:...
**PII/III/Pro...
**Athlon etc...
*Symphony...
*TI (Texas Instruments)...
*UMC...
*Unresearched:...
*VIA...
*VLSI...
*Western Digital...
*Winbond...
**W83C553F System I/O Controller With PCI Arbiter c:sep95
***Info:
The W83C553F Enhanced System I/O (SIO) Controller with PCI Arbiter is
a highly integrated device intended for use in any Peripheral
Component Interconnect (PCI) system, supporting x86 or PowerPC
(non-x86) type microprocessors. It supports all PCI 2.1 compliant CPU
bridge implementations and directly interfaces with PCI and ISA
industry standard buses, including two direct drive IDE channels
supporting up to four peripherals.
The W83C553F is a universal PCI device which can be used with many
CPU-to-PCI bridge solution. The W83C553F includes 32-bit ISA DMA
addressing (rather than 24-bit) to simplify its use in systems using
re-compiled versions of 32-bit operating systems (such as Windows NT
running on PowerPC, Alpha, or other RISC CPU).
The peripheral controller integrated into the W83C553F includes two
enhanced seven channel 82C37A 32-bit DMA controllers that support fast
DMA transfers with a four byte line buffer to isolate the PCI bus from
the ISA bus, enhancing performance. Both DMA controllers support
scatter/gather data transfer capability.
The W83C553F Enhanced SIO controller provides the bridge between the
PCI bus and the ISA expansion bus. It also integrates a PCI bus master
IDE controller, an eight master PCI arbiter (which may be disabled if
desired) and many of the common I/O functions found in today's ISA
based PC systems. The W83C553F incorporates the logic for a complete
PCI interface (master and slave) and ISA interface (master and
slave). Also included is PCI and ISA arbitration, 14 level interrupt
controller, a 16-bit BIOS timer, three programmable counter/timers,
non-maskable-interrupt (NMI) control logic and register support for
power management break events.
The built-in Enhanced PCI IDE Controller is a highly integrated dual
port controller, providing a high performance data path between IDE
devices and the PCI bus. Four IDE chip select signals provide
accessing of up to four devices. Each device has its own programmable
registers for selecting 16-bit and 32-bit data pipelined transfer
rates, read-ahead and posted writes. A large 64 Byte DMA FIFO buffers
data to and from the IDE disks enabling the integrated scatter/gather
DMA controller to efficiently perform zero wait state burst transfers
across the PCI bus when enough data is available in the FIFO. Bus
master IDE significantly improves the overall system performance of a
multi-master PCI configuration by greatly reducing the bus and CPU
utilization required for the disk and CD-ROM interface. Burst data
transfers at 33 MHz can be sustained at 132 MB/s on the PCI bus.
The integrated bus-mastering PCI-IDE core is the original Sonata
W83789F core with some modification of interrupt routing. This
controller is fully compliant to Intel's Bus-Mastering Controller and
SFF8038i specifications. BIOS support has been incorporated in all the
leading BIOS companies' software. Driver software, previously tested
and qualified for the W83789F, is available from Winbond Systems
Laboratory for all major operating systems, including recompiled
PowerPC versions.
***Versions:...
***Features:...
**W83628F/29D PCI TO ISA Bridge Set c98...
**W83626F/D LPC TO ISA Bridge Set <00...
**
**Multi I/O:
**W83757 SUPER I/O CHIP <92...
**W83767F ?? Multi I/O [no datasheet]
**W83777F/87F Power I/O (Multi I/O) <95...
**W83877F WINBOND I/O (Multi I/O) <96...
**W83877TF/TG/TD WINBOND I/O (Multi I/O) c97...
**W83977F/G/AF/AG WINBOND I/O (Multi I/O) c97...
**W83977TF WINBOND I/O (Multi I/O) c97...
**W83977EF WINBOND I/O (Multi I/O) <98...
**W83977ATF WINBOND I/O (Multi I/O) <98...
**
**Disk Controller:
**W83759/A/F/AF Advanced VL-IDE Disk Controller <96...
**W83769 Local Bus IDE Solution <94...
**
**UARTS:
**W86C250A UART (equivalent of INS8C250A) [no datasheet]
**W86C450/P Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter <Jul89...
**W86C451 I/O controller for IBM PC/AT/XT <Jul89...
**W86C452 I/O controller for IBM PC/AT Jul89...
**W86C456 I/O controller [no datasheet] ?
**W860551/P UART with FIFO and Printer Port Controller <94...
**
**Other:...
*ZyMOS...
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