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**82497/492   Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for P54 Pentium)    <Nov94
***Notes:...
***Info:...
***Configurations:...
***Features:...
**82498/493   Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for P54 Pentium)    <Nov94...
**
**Later chipsets (basic spec):
**440 series:...
**450NX  (?)            06/29/98:...
**?????  (Profusion)    c:99...
**800 series...
*Headland/G2...
*HMC (Hulon Microelectronics)...
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*SIS...
**530/5595       (Sinbad) Host, PCI, 3D Graphics & Mem. Ctrl.<11/10/98
***Info:...
***Configurations:...
***Features:
o   Supports Intel/AMD/Cyrix/IDT Pentium CPU Host Bus at 
    66/75/83/95/100 MHz and 2.5/3.3V Bus Interface
    − Supports the Pipelined Address of Pentium compatible CPU
    − Supports the Linear Address Mode of Cyrix CPU
    − 100/100, 95/95, 83/83, 75/75 and 66/66 MHz Synchronous 
      Host/DRAM clocking configuration
    − 100/75, 95/75, 83/66, 66/100 and 66/83 MHz Asynchronous 
      Host/DRAM clocking configuration
    − Supports Host Bus operation for integrated 3D VGA Controller
o   Meets PC99 Requirements
o   Supports PCI Revision 2.2 Specification
o   Integrated Super AGP VGA for Hardware 2D/3D Video/Graphics 
    Accelerators
    − Supports tightly coupled 64 bits 100MHz host interface to VGA 
      to speed up GUI performance and the video playback frame rate
    − Built-in programmable 24-bit true-color RAMDAC up to 230 MHz 
      pixel clock
    − Built-in reference voltage generator and monitor sense circuit
    − Supports loadable RAMDAC for gamma correction in high color 
      and true color modes
    − Built-in dual-clock generator
    − Supports Multiple Adapters and Multiple Monitors
    − Built-in PCI multimedia interface
    − Flexible design for shared frame buffer or local frame buffer 
      architecture
    − Shared System Memory Area 2MB, 4MB and 8MB
    − Supports SDRAM and SGRAM local frame buffer and memory size up 
      to 8 MB
    − Supports Digital Flat Panel Port for Digital Monitor (LCD Panel)
    − Supports DVD H/W Accelerator
o   Integrated Second Level ( L2 ) Cache Controller
    − Write Back Cache Mode
    − Direct Mapped Cache Organization
    − Supports Pipelined Burst SRAM
    − Supports 256K/512K/1M/2M Bytes Cache Sizes
    − Cache Hit Read/Write Cycle of 3-1-1-1
    − Cache Back-to-Back Read Cycle of 3-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
    − Supports Single Read Allocation for L2 Cache
    − Supports Concurrency of CPU to L2 cache and Integrated A.G.P. 
      VGA master to DRAM accesses
o   Integrated DRAM Controller
    − Supports up to 3 double sided DIMMs (6 rows memory)
    − Supports 8Mbytes to 1.5 GBytes of main memory
    − Supports Cacheable DRAM Sizes up to 256 MBytes
    − Supports 1M/2M/4M/8M/16M/32M x N for 2-bank or 4-bank SDRAM
    − Supports 3.3V DRAM
    − Supports Concurrent Write Back
    − Supports CAS before RAS Refresh, Self Refresh
    − Supports Relocation of System Management Memory
    − Programmable CS#, DQM#, SRAS#, SCAS#, RAMWE# and MA Driving 
      Current
    − Option to Disable Local Memory in Non-cacheable Regions
    − Entries GART cache to Minimize the Number of Memory Bus Cycles 
      Required for Accessing Graphical Texture Memory
    − Programmable Counters to Ensure Guaranteed Minimum Access Time 
      for Integrated A.G.P. VGA, CPU, and PCI accesses
    − Two Programmable Non-cacheable Regions
    − Supports X-1-1-1/X-2-2-2 Burst Write Cycles
    − Fully Configurable for the Characteristic of Shadow RAM (640 
      KBytes to 1 MBytes)
    − Shadow RAM in Increments of 16 KBytes Built-in 8 Way 
      Associative/16
    − Supports SDRAM 7/8-1-1-1 Burst Read Cycles
o   Provides High Performance PCI Arbiter
    − Supports up to 4 PCI Masters
    − Supports Rotating Priority Mechanism
    - Hidden Arbitration Scheme Minimizes Arbitration Overhead
    - Supports Concurrency between CPU to Memory and PCI to PCI
    - Supports Concurrency between CPU to 33Mhz PCI Access and 33Mhz 
      PCI to integrated A.G.P. VGA Access
    - Programmable Timers Ensure Guaranteed Minimum Access Time for 
      PCI Bus Masters, and CPU
o   PCI Bus Interface
    - Supports 32-bit PCI local bus standard Revision 2.2 compliant
    - Integrated write-once subsystem vendor ID configuration register
    - Supports zero wait-state memory mapped I/O burst write
    - Integrated 2 stages PCI post-write buffer to enhance frame 
      buffer write performance
    - Integrated 256 bits read cache to enhance frame buffer read 
      performance
    - Supports full 16-bit re-locatable VGA I/O address decoding
o   Integrated Host-to-PCI Bridge
    - Supports Asynchronous PCI Clock
    - Translates the CPU Cycles into the PCI Bus Cycles
    - Zero Wait State Burst Cycles
    - Supports Pipelined Process in CPU-to-PCI Access
    - Maximum PCI Burst Transfer from 256 Bytes to 4 Kbytes
    - Supports Memory Remapping Function for PCI master accessing 
      Graphical Window
o   Integrated A.G.P. Compliant Target/66Mhz Host-to-PCI Bridge
    - Supports Graphic Window Size from 4MBytes to 256MBytes
    - Supports Pipelined Process in CPU-to-Integrated 3D A.G.P. 
      VGA Access
    - Supports 8 Way, 16 Entries Page Table Cache for GART to enhance 
      Integrated A.G.P. VGA Controller Read/Write Performance
    - Supports PCI-to-PCI bridge function for memory write from 33Mhz 
      PCI bus to Integrated A.G.P. VGA
o   Integrated Posted Write Buffers and Read Prefetch Buffers to 
    Increase System Performance
    - CPU-to-Memory Posted Write Buffer (CTMFF) with 12QW Deep, Always 
      Sustains 0 Wait Performance on CPU-to-Memory
    - CPU-to-Memory Read Buffer with 4 QW Deep
    - CPU-to-PCI Posted Write Buffer with 2 QW Deep
    - PCI-to-Memory Posted Write Buffer with 8 QW Deep, Always 
      Streams 0 Wait Performance on PCI-to/from-Memory Access
    - PCI-to-Memory Read Prefetch Buffer with 8 QW Deep
    - CPU-to-VGA Posted Write Buffer with 4 QW Deep
o   Fast PCI IDE Master/Slave Controller
    - Bus Master Programming Interface for Windows 98 Compliant 
      Controller
    - Plug and Play Compatible
    - Supports Scatter and Gather
    - Supports Dual Mode Operation - Native Mode and Compatibility 
      Mode
    - Supports IDE PIO Timing Mode 0, 1, 2 ,3 and 4
    - Supports Multiword DMA Mode 0, 1, 2
    - Supports Ultra DMA 33/66
    - Two Separate IDE Bus
    - Two 16 DW FIFO for PCI Burst Transfers.
o   Supports NAND Tree for Ball Connectivity Testing
o   576-Balls BGA Package
o   3.3V Core with mixed 2.5V, 3.3V and 5V I/O CMOS Technology

**540            (Spartan) Super7 2D/3D Ultra-AGP Single C.S.<11/30/99...
**55x            SoC (System-on-chip)                        <03/14/02...
**
**Support chips:
**85C206     Integrated Peripheral Controller [no datasheet]         ?...
**5595       Pentium PCI System I/O                          <12/24/97...
**950        LPC I/O                                         <07/16/99...
**Other:...
**PII/III/Pro...
**Athlon etc...
*Symphony...
*TI (Texas Instruments)...
*UMC...
*Unresearched:...
*VIA...
*VLSI...
**VL82C480         System/Cache/ISA bus Controller                   ?
***Info:
The   VL82C480   controller   is   designed  to   control   486DX   or
486SX/487SX-based  ISA bus  systems  operating  at up  to  40 MHz.  It
replaces the following devices on the motherboard:
o  Two 82C37A DMA controllers
o  Two 82C59A interrupt controllers
o  82C54 timer
o  74LS612 memory mapper
o  82284 clock generator and ready interface
o  82288 bus controller

The following controller blocks are also included on-chip:
o  Memory/refresh controller
o  Port B and NMI logic
o  Bus steering logic
o  Turbo Mode control logic
o  Parity checking logic
o  Parity generation logic
o  Writ-back look-aside cache controller

The VL82C480 supports the Weitek 4167 Numeric Coprocessor.

The memory controller logic is capable of accessing up to 64 MB. there
can be up to four banks of 256K, 1M, or 4M DRAMs used in a system. The
VL82C480 can drive two banks without external buffering. Built-in Page
Mode operation and  up to two-way interleaving allows  the PC designer
to maximize  system perform-  ance using low-cost  DRAMs. Programmable
DRAM timing  is provided for  RAS# pre- charge, RAs-to-CAS  delay, and
CAS# pulse width.

The VL82C480  write-back cache  controller logic  supports one  or two
bank direct map write-back cache  with external tag storage. The cache
controller can per- form 2-1-1-1 reads with two banks or 2-2-2-2 reads
with  one bank.  The VL82C480  can perform  one wait  state writes  on
cache-hits. An optional zero wait state write mode is provided for use
with fast cache SRAMs. The cachable DRAM  range includes 2 MB up to 64
MB  utilizing  cache   data  SRAM  sizes  of  32  KB   through  1  MB,
respectively.

Shadowing features are  supported on 16K boundarys  between A0000h and
FFFFFh (640 KB  to 1 MB). simultaneous use of  shadowed ROM and direct
system board  access is possible  in a non-overlapping  fashion throu-
ghout this memory space. Control over four access options is provided:
1. Access ROM or slot bus for reads and writes.
2. Access system board DRAM for reads and writes.
3. Access system board DRAM for reads and slot bus for writes.
4. Shadow setup mode. Read ROM of slot bus, write system board DRAM.

Three special programmable address regions  are provided. the Fast Bus
Clock Reg- ion  allows accesses to certain memory regions  at a faster
ISA  bus  clock  rate  for   fat  on-board  or  off-board  devices.  A
Non-Cacheable Region and/or a Write-Pro-  tected Region may be defined
by a set of six registers that allow  memory in the region 640 KB to 1
MB to be marked as  non-cacheable and/or write-protected in increments
of 16 KB. A further set of registers allows a memory range anywhere in
the first 64  MB of memory to be  marked as a DRAM region,  an ISA bus
region, or  a local  bus region, either  cachable or  non-cacheable in
increments of 2 KB. 64 KB, or 1 MB.

further support for  devices that reside on the local  bus is provided
through use of the LBA# (Local  Bus Access) input, which deselects the
VL82C480 during CPU cycles. Also, a memory range anywhere in the first
64 MB of memory can be pro- grammed via the internal mapping registers
to make  the VL82C480 access  a local bus device  as a CPU  bus memory
device  during  DMA or  Master  Mode  transfers,  and de-  select  the
VL82C480 during CPU cycles.

The VL82C480 handles  system board refresh directly  ans also controls
the  timing  of  slot  bus   refresh.  Refresh  may  be  performed  in
synchronous,  Asynchronous or  De-  coupled Mode.  In the  Synchronous
Mode, slot bus and on-board DRAM refresh cycles proceed simultaneously
with  all   memory  cycles  held   until  both  have   completed.  The
Asynchronous Mode allows  in- and off-board refreshes  to be initiated
sumultane-  ously, but  to complete  asynchronously, allowing  earlier
access to DRAM.  In the Decoupled Mode, a separate  refresh counter is
used for slot bus refresh, allowing on-board DRAM and system refreshes
to  proceed independently,  with DRAM  refreshes initiated  during bus
idle cycles. CAS-before-RAS refresh is also supported. Re- freshes are
staggered to minimize power supply  loading and attenuate noise on the
VDD and VSS  pins. The VL82C480 supports the ISA  bus standard refresh
period of 15.625 us as well as 125 us.

The interrupt controller  logic consists of two  82C50A megacells with
eight inter- rupt  request lines each. The two  megacells are cascaded
internally and three of the  interrupt request inputs are connected to
internal circuitry, sa a total  of 13 external interrupt request lines
are  available.  these  13  interrupt request  lines  plus the  Weitek
interrupt request  line, the  ten-channel check  line, and  the Turbo/
Non-Turbo line  are scanned in  through one  pin on the  VL82C480. Two
external 74LS166s are required for scanning in these 16 signals.

The  interval timer  includes  one 82C54  counter/timer megacell.  the
counter/timer   has  three   independent  16-bit   counters  and   six
programmable counter modes.

The  two DMA  controllers are  82C37A compatible.  Each controls  data
transfers bet-  ween an I/O channel  and on- or off-board  memory. The
DMA  controllers  can  transfer  data   over  the  full  64  MB  range
available. Internal  latches are  provided for  latc- hing  the middle
address  bits output  by the  82C37A megacells  on the  data bus.  The
74LS612 memory  mappers are integrated  to generate the  upper address
bits.

The  VL82C480  can  be  programmed  for  asynchronous  or  synchronous
operation of the ISA bus.

The  VL82C480 also  performs  all the  data  buffer control  functions
required for a 486-based ISA bus system. Under the control of the CPU,
the VL82C480 routes data to and from  the CPU's D bus, the internal XD
bus, and  the slots (SD  bus). During CPU ISA  bus reads, the  data is
latched for synchronization with the CPU.  Parity is checked for D bus
DRAM read operations. The chip does not generate parity for CPU writes
to DRAM,  but does  generate cache write-back  cycles. Even  parity is
gen- erated and checked.

***Configurations:...
***Features:...
**VL82C481         System/Cache/ISA bus Controller                 c92...
**VL82C486         Single-Chip 486, SC486, Controller                ?...
**VL82C425         486 Cache controller                              ?...
**????????         Cheetah 486, PCI [no datasheet]                   ?...
**VL82C3216        Bus Expanding Controller Cache with write buffer  ?...
**VL82C521/522     Lynx/M                                            ?...
**VL82C530         Eagle Ð                                         c95...
**VL82C541/543     Lynx                                            c95...
**VL82C591/593     SuperCore 590                                   c94...
**VL82C594/596/597 Wildcat                                         c95...
**I/O Chips:
**VL82C106 Combination I/O chip                                      ?...
**VL82C107 SCAMP  Combination I/O chip                               ?...
**VL82C108 TOPCAT Combination I/O chip                               ?...
**VL82C110 Combination I/O chip                                      ?...
**VL82C113 SCAMP  Combination I/O chip                               ?...
**VL82C114 Combination I/O chip                                      ?...
**Video: ...
**Disk:...
**Modems:...
**Other:...
**Not sure if they actually exist...
*Western Digital...
*Winbond...
*ZyMOS...
*General Sources:...

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