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**82396SX Smart Cache 12/17/90
***Notes:...
***Info:
The 82396SX Smart Cache (part number 82396SX) is a low cost, single
chip, 16-bit peripheral for Intel's i386 SX Microprocessor. By
storing frequently accessed code or data from main memory the 82396SX
Smart Cache enables the i386 SX Microprocessor to run at near zero
wait states. The dual bus architecture allows another bus master to
access the System Bus while the i386 SX Microprocessor operates out of
the 82396SX Smart Cache on the Local Bus. The 82396SX Smart Cache has
a snooping mechanism which maintains cache coherency with main memory
during these cycles.
The 823968X Smart Cache is completely software transparent, protecting
the integrity of system software. The advanced architectural features
of the 82596SX Smart Cache offer high performance with a cache data
RAM size that can be integrated on a single chip, offering the board
space and cost savings needed in an i386 SX Microprocessor based
system.
1.0 823968X SMART CACHE FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW
1.1 Introduction
The primary function of a cache is to provide local storage for freq-
uently accessed memory locations. The cache intercepts memory
references and handles them directly without transferring the request
to the System Bus. This results in lower traffic on the System Bus and
decreases latency on the Local Bus. This leads to improved performance
for a processor on the Local Bus. It also increases potential system
performance by reducing each processor's demand for System Bus band-
width, thus allowing more processors or system masters in the system.
By providing fast access to frequently used code and data the cache is
able to reduce the average memory access time of the i386 SX
Microprocessor based system.
The 82396SX Smart Cache is a single chip cache subsystem specifically
designed for use with the i386 SX Microprocessor. The 82396SX Smart
Cache integrates 16KB cache, the Cache Directory and the cache control
logic onto one chip. The cache is unified for code and data and is
transparent to application software. The 82396SX Smart Cache provides
a cache consistency mechanism which guarantees that the cache has the
most recently updated version of the main memory. Consistency sup-
port has no performance impact on the i386 SX Microprocessor. Section
1.2 covers all the 82396SX Smart Cache features.
The 82396SX Smart Cache architecture is similar to the i486 SX
Microprocessor's on-chip cache. The cache is four Way SET associative
with Pseudo LRU (Least Recently Used) replacement algorithm. The line
size is 16B and a full line is retrieved from the memory for every
cache miss. A TAG is associated with every 16B line. The 82396SX Smart
Cache architecture allows for cache read hit cycles to run on the
Local Bus even when the System Bus is not available. 82396SX Smart
Cache incorporates a new write buffer cache architecture, which allows
the i386 SX Microprocessor to continue operation without waiting for
write cycles to actually update the main memory.
A detailed description of the cache operation and parameters is
included in Chapter 2.
The 82396SX Smart Cache has an interface to two electrically isolated
busses. The interface to the i386 SX Microprocessor bus is referred to
as the Local Bus (LB) interface. The interface to the main memory and
other system devices is referred to as the 82396SX Smart Cache System
Bus (SB) interface. The SB interface emulates the i386 SX
Microprocessor. The SB interface, as does the i386TM SX Micro-
processor. operates in pipeline mode.
In addition, it is enhanced by an optional burst mode for Line Fills.
The burst mode provides faster line fills by allowing consecutive read
cycles to be executed at a rate of up to one word per clock
cycle. Several bus masters (or several 82396SX Smart Caches) can share
the same System Bus and the arbitration is done via the SHOLD/SHLDA
mechanism (similar to the i486 SX Microprocessor).
Cache consistency is maintained by the SAHOLD/SEADS# snooping
mechanism, similar to the i486 SX Microprocessor. The 82396SX Smart
Cache is able to run, a zero wait state i386 SX Microprocessor
non-pipelined read cycle if the data exists in the cache. Memory write
cycles can run with zero wait states if the write buffer is not full.
The 82396SX Smart Cache organization provides a higher hit rate than
other standard configurations. The 82396SX Smart Cache, featuring the
new high performance write buffer cache architecture, provides full
concurrency between the electrically isolated Local Bus and System
Bus. This allows the 82396SX Smart Cache to service read hit cycles on
the Local Bus while running line fills or buffered write cycles on the
System Bus.
1.2 Features
1.2.1 823858X-LIKE FEATURES
o The 82396SX Smart Cache maps the entire physical address range of
the i386 SX Microprocessor (16MB) into an 16KB cache. Unified code
and data cache.
o Cache attributes are handled by hardware. Thus the 82396SX Smart
Cache is transparent to application software. This preserves the
integrity of system software and protects the users software
investment.
o Word and Byte writes, Word reads.
o Zero wait states in read hits and in buffered write cycles. All i386
SX Microprocessor cycles are non-pipelined (Note: The i386 SX
Microprocessor must never be pipelined when used with the 82396SX
Smart Cache - NA# must be tied to Vcc).
o A hardware cache FLUSH# option. The 82396SX Smart Cache will
invalidate all the Tag Valid bits in the Cache Directory and clear
the System Bus line buffer when FLUSH# is activated tor a minimum of
four CLK’s.
o The 82396SX Smart Cache supports non-cacheable accesses.
o The 82396SX Smart Cache internally decodes the i387 SX Math
Coprocessor accesses as Local Bus cycles.
o The System Bus interface emulates a i386 SX Microprocessor
interface.
o The 82396SX Smart Cache supports pipelined and non-pipelined system
interface.
o Provides cache consistency (snooping): The 82396SX Smart Cache
monitors the System Bus address via SEADS# and invalidates the cache
address if the System Bus address matches a cached location.
1.2.2 NEW FEATURES
o 16KB on chip cache arranged in four banks, one bank for each way. In
Read hit cycles, one word is read. In a write hit cycle, any byte
within the word can be written. In a cache fill cycle, the whole
line (16B) is written. This large line size increases the hit rate
over smaller line size caches.
o Cache architecture similar to the i486 SX Microprocessor cache: 4
Way set associative with Pseudo LRU replacement algorithm. Line
size is 16B and a full line is retrieved from memory for every cache
miss. A Tag Valid Bit and a Write Protect Bit are associated with
every Line.
o New write buffer architecture with four word deep write buffer
provides zero wait state memory write cycles. I/O, Halt/ Shutdown
and LOCK#ed writes are not buffered.
o Concurrent Line Buffer Cacheing: The 82396SX Smart Cache has a line
buffer that is used as additional memory. Before data gets written
to the cache memory at the completion of a Line Fill it is stored in
this buffer. Cache hit cycles to the line buffer can occur before
the line is written to the cache.
o In i387 SX Math Coprocessor accesses, the 82396SX Smart Cache drives
the READYO# in one wait state if the READYI# was not driven in the
previous clock.
Note that the timing of the 82396SX Smart Cache’s READYO# generation
for i387 SX Math Coprocessor cycles is incompatible with 80287
timing.
o An enhanced System Bus interface:
a) Burst Option is supported in line-fills similar to the i486 SX
Microprocessor. SBRDY# (System Burst READY) is provided in
addition to SRDY#. A burst is always a 16 byte line fill (cache
update) which is equivalent to eight word cycles.
b) System cacheability attribute is provided (SKEN#). SKEN# is used
to determine whether the current cycle is cacheable. It is used
to qualify Line Fill requests.
c) SHOLD/SHLDA system bus arbitration mechanism is supported. A
Multi i386 SX 82396SX Smart Cache cluster can share the same
System Bus via this mechanism.
f) Cache invalidation cycles supported via SEAD$#. This is used to
provide cache coherency.
o Full Local Bus/System Bus concurrency is attained by:
a) Servicing cache read hit cycles on the Local Bus while completing
a Line Fill on the System Bus. The data requested by the i386 SX
Microprocessor is provided over the local bus as the first word
of the Line Fill.
b) Servicing cache read hit cycles on the Local Bus while executing
buffered write cycles on the system bus.
c) Servicing cache read hit cycles on the Local Bus while another
bus master is running (DMA, other i386 SX Microprocessor, 82396SX
Smart Cache, i486 SX Microprocessor, etc...) on the System Bus.
d) Buffering write cycles on the Local Bus while the system bus is
executing other cycles. Write protected areas are supported by
the SWP# input. This enables caching of ROM space or shadowed ROM
space.
o No Post Input (NPI#) provided for disabling of write buffers per
cycle. This option supports memory mapped l/O designs.
o Byte Enable Mask (BEM) is provided to mask the processor byte
enables during a memory read cycle.
o A2oM# input provided for emulation of 8086 address wrap-around.
o SRAM test mode, in which the TAGRAM and the cache RAM are treated as
standard SRAM, is provided. A Tristate Output test mode is also pro-
vided for system debugging. In this mode the 82396SX Smart Cache is
isolated from the other devices in the board by floating all its
outputs.
o Single chip, 132 lead PQFP package, 1 micron CHMOS-IV technology.
***Versions:...
***Features:...
**82485 Turbo Cache (and 485Turbocache) c90...
**82489DX Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller 10/12/92...
**82495DX/490DX DX CPU-Cache Chip Set <Sep91...
**82495XP/490XP Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for i860) 06/05/91...
**82496/491 Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for P5 Pentium) 03/22/93...
**82497/492 Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for P54 Pentium) <Nov94...
**82498/493 Cache Controller / Cache RAM (for P54 Pentium) <Nov94...
**
**Later chipsets (basic spec):
**440 series:...
**450NX (?) 06/29/98:...
**????? (Profusion) c:99...
**800 series...
*Headland/G2...
*HMC (Hulon Microelectronics)...
*Logicstar...
*Motorola...
*OPTi...
*PC CHIPS/Amptron/Atrend/ECS/Elpina/etc...
*SIS...
**5120 Pentium PCI/ISA Chipset (Mobile) <01/28/97
***Info:...
***Versions:...
***Features:...
**5501/5502/5503 Pentium/P54C PCI/ISA Chipset <04/02/95...
**5511/5512/5513 Pentium PCI/ISA <06/14/95...
**5571 (Trinity) Pentium PCI/ISA Chipset (75MHz) <12/09/96...
**5581/5582 (Jessie) Pentium PCI/ISA Chipset (75MHz) <04/15/97...
**5591/5592/5595 (David) Pentium PCI A.G.P. Chipset <01/09/98...
**5596/5513 (Genesis) Pentium PCI Chipset <03/26/96...
**5597/5598 (Jedi) Pentium PCI/ISA Chipset <04/15/97...
**530/5595 (Sinbad) Host, PCI, 3D Graphics & Mem. Ctrl.<11/10/98...
**540 (Spartan) Super7 2D/3D Ultra-AGP Single C.S.<11/30/99...
**55x SoC (System-on-chip) <03/14/02...
**
**Support chips:
**85C206 Integrated Peripheral Controller [no datasheet] ?...
**5595 Pentium PCI System I/O <12/24/97...
**950 LPC I/O <07/16/99...
**Other:...
**PII/III/Pro...
**Athlon etc...
*Symphony...
*TI (Texas Instruments)...
*UMC...
*Unresearched:...
*VIA...
*VLSI...
*Western Digital...
*Winbond...
**W83977F/G/AF/AG WINBOND I/O (Multi I/O) c97
***Info:...
***Versions:...
***Features:
General
o Plug & Play 1.0A Compliant
o Support 13 IRQs, 4 DMA channels, full 16-bit addresses decoding
o Capable of ISA Bus IRQ Sharing
o Compliant with Microsoft PC97 Hardware Design Guide
o Support DPM (Device Power Management), ACPI
o Programmable configuration settings
o 24 or 14.318 Mhz clock input
FDC
o Compatible with IBM PC AT disk drive systems
o Variable write pre-compensation with track selectable capability
o Support vertical recording format
o DMA enable logic
o 16-byte data FIFOs
o Support floppy disk drives and tape drives
o Detects all overrun and underrun conditions
o Built-in address mark detection circuit to simplify the read
electronics
o FDD anti-virus functions with software write protect and FDD write
enable signal (write data signal was forced to be inactive)
o Support up to four 3.5-inch or 5.25-inch floppy disk drives
o Completely compatible with industry standard 82077
o 360K/720K/1.2M/1.44M/2.88M format; 250K, 300K, 500K, 1M, 2M bps
data transfer rate
o Support 3-mode FDD, and its Win95 driver
UART
o Two high-speed 16550 compatible UARTs with 16-byte send/receive
FIFOs
o 3rd UART with 32-byte send/receive FIFO is supported for IR
function [W83977AF/AG only]
o MIDI compatible
o Fully programmable serial-interface characteristics:
- 5, 6, 7 or 8-bit characters
- Even, odd or no parity bit generation/detection
- 1, 1.5 or 2 stop bits generation
o Internal diagnostic capabilities:
- Loop-back controls for communications link fault isolation
- Break, parity, overrun, framing error simulation
o Programmable baud generator allows division of 1.8461 Mhz and
24 Mhz by 1 to (2^16-1)
o Maximum baud rate up to 921k bps for 14.769 Mhz and 1.5M bps
for 24 Mhz
Infrared
o Support IrDA version 1.0 SIR protocol with maximum baud rate up to
115.2K bps
o Support SHARP ASK-IR protocol with maximum baud rate up to 57,600
bps
o Support IrDA version 1.1 MIR (1.152M bps) and FIR (4M bps) protocol
[W83977AF/AG only]
- Single DMA channel for transmitter or receiver
- 3rd UART with 32-byte FIFO is supported in both TX/RX
transmission [W83977AF/AG only]
- 8-byte status FIFO is supported to store received frame status
(such as overrun CRC error, etc.)
o Support auto-config SIR and FIR [W83977AF/AG only]
Parallel Port
o Compatible with IBM parallel port
o Support PS/2 compatible bi-directional parallel port
o Support Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP)
− Compatible with IEEE 1284 specification
o Support Extended Capabilities Port (ECP)
− Compatible with IEEE 1284 specification
o Extension FDD mode supports disk drive B; and Extension 2FDD mode
supports disk drives A and B through parallel port
o Enhanced printer port back-drive current protection
Advanced Power Management (APM) Controlling
o Power turned on when RTC reaches a preset date and time
o Power turned on when a ring pulse or pulse train is detected on the
PHRI, or when a high to low transition on PWAKIN1, or PWAKIN2
input signals
o Power turned on when PANSW input signal indicates a switch on event
o Power turned off when PANSW input signal indicates a switch off
event
o Power turned off when a fail-safe event occurs (power-save mode
detected but system is hung up)
o Power turned off when software issues a power off command
Keyboard Controller
o 8042 based with optional F/W from AMIKKEY-2, Phoenix MultiKey/42 or
customer code
o with 2K bytes of programmable ROM, and 256 bytes of RAM
o Asynchronous Access to Two Data Registers and One status Register
o Software compatibility with the 8042 and PC87911 microcontrollers
o Support PS/2 mouse
o Support port 92
o Support both interrupt and polling modes
o Fast Gate A20 and Hardware Keyboard Reset
o 8 Bit Timer/ Counter; support binary and BCD arithmetic
o 6, 8, 12, or 16 Mhz operating frequency (16 Mhz available only if
input clock rate = 14.318 Mhz)
Real Time Clock
o 27 bytes of clock, On-Now, and control/status register (14 bytes in
Bank 0 and 13 bytes in Bank 2); 242 bytes of general purpose RAM
o BCD or Binary representation of time, calendar, and alarm registers
o Counts seconds, minutes, hours, days of week, days of month, month,
year, and century
o 12-hour/ 24-hour clock with AM/PM in 12-hour mode
o Daylight saving time option; automatic leap-year adjustment
o Dedicated alarm (Alarm B) for On-Now function
o Programmable delay-time between panel switch off and power supply
control
o Software control power-off; various and maskable events to activate
system Power-On
o System Management Interrupt (SMI ) for panel switch power-off event
General Purpose I/O Ports
o 14 programmable general purpose I/O ports; 6 dedicate, 8 optional
o General purpose I/O ports can serve as simple I/O ports, interrupt
steering inputs, watching dog timer output, power LED output,
infrared I/O pins, general purpose address decoder, KBC control I/O
pins.
Package
o 128-pin PQFP
**W83977TF WINBOND I/O (Multi I/O) c97...
**W83977EF WINBOND I/O (Multi I/O) <98...
**W83977ATF WINBOND I/O (Multi I/O) <98...
**
**Disk Controller:
**W83759/A/F/AF Advanced VL-IDE Disk Controller <96...
**W83769 Local Bus IDE Solution <94...
**
**UARTS:
**W86C250A UART (equivalent of INS8C250A) [no datasheet]
**W86C450/P Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter <Jul89...
**W86C451 I/O controller for IBM PC/AT/XT <Jul89...
**W86C452 I/O controller for IBM PC/AT Jul89...
**W86C456 I/O controller [no datasheet] ?
**W860551/P UART with FIFO and Printer Port Controller <94...
**
**Other:...
*ZyMOS...
*General Sources:...
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